Scleritis is a serious inflammatory disease that affects the white outer coating of the eye, known as the sclera. The disease can be contracted through association with other diseases of the body. Some of these diseases that are closely linked with scleritis are Wegener's granulomatosis or rheumatoid arthritis. Scleritis can also be linked to menstruation. For this reason, scleritis occurs frequently in young women.
There are three types of scleritis. The most common is diffuse scleritis. There is also nodular scleritis, and necrotizing scleritis , this actually being the most severe case. Scleritis may be the first symptom of an auto immune problem or a connective tissue disease.
The symptons are as follows:
- Redness of the sclera and conjunctiva.
- Severe ocular pain which may radiate to the temple or jaw
- Photophobia and tearing
Scleritis is best detected by examining the sclera in daylight. Ancillary tests CT scans, MRIs, and ultrasonographies can be helpful, but do not replace the physical examination. Once a confirmed diagnosis is given, treatment generally starts immediately.
Severe cases of necrotizing scleritis needs eye surgery and must be performed to repair damaged corneal tissue in the eye and preserve the patient's vision. Less severe cases, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (eye drops), and ibuprofen, are prescribed for pain relief.
Regular check ups may be required but this is dependent on the severity of the scleritis.